Os admiradores da cultura coreana já devem ter ouvido alguns honoríficos coreanos por aí: eles são muito comuns entre os fãs de K-pop e nos doramas, por exemplo.
Por isso, se você tem alguma dúvida sobre como usar os honoríficos coreanos, este post chegou para te ajudar. Vem com a gente e aprenda a utilizá-los corretamente!
Honorífico coreano: o que é?
Começando pelo começo, vamos entender melhor qual o propósito do uso dos honoríficos coreanos: eles são pronomes de tratamento utilizados para se referir a alguém com respeito, de forma mais íntima ou mais formal e por aí vai.
Um exemplo que pode simplificar o conceito de o que é um honorífico coreano é o “senhor” ou “senhora”, utilizado para demonstrar respeito.
Como usar honoríficos coreanos?
Devido à grande quantidade de honoríficos coreanos existentes, esses “títulos” são utilizados em quase todos os lugares: no trabalho, na escola (principalmente por serem uma forma de demonstrar respeito aos mais velhos, o que é muito importante por lá), entre amigos e até na família.
Utilizados para se referir ao seu ouvinte ou a uma terceira pessoa, os honoríficos coreanos são usados para falar de você mesmo apenas em alguns casos muito específicos ou em situações dramáticas.
Para que você entenda melhor como usar os honoríficos coreanos, aqui está: fizemos um guia explicativo sobre os principais pronomes de tratamento utilizados na Coreia.
Ssi
Este é um honorífico coreano essencial: utilizado para demonstrar respeito e educação em diálogos com pessoas com as quais não se tem intimidade, “Ssi” corresponde a “senhor” ou “senhora”. Porém, há algumas diferenças que devem ser lembradas.
O ssi pode ser utilizado ao final do nome da pessoa, e nunca com o sobrenome. Apesar de estarmos acostumados a chamar as outras pessoas pelo sobrenome ser algo elegante, os coreanos usam só o primeiro nome mesmo.
Nim
Uma adaptação do ssi, o honorífico coreano “nim” é utilizado em situações mais formais: é um “senhor(a)” próprio para falar com pessoas mais velhas ou que tenham ocupações profissionais superiores, como o seu chefe ou um representante, por exemplo.
Oppa, unnie, hyung e noona
Esses, você já deve conhecer! Os honoríficos oppa e unnie são usados pelas mulheres para se referir a homens e mulheres mais velhos, enquanto hyung e noona são utilizados com o mesmo propósito, mas pelos homens.
Utilizado com pessoas que você tem intimidade, esses honoríficos coreanos podem ser usados para se referir à sua irmã ou irmão mais velho, assim como a um(a) amigo(a) ou namorado(a) mais velho(a).
Dongsaeng
O oposto dos honoríficos coreanos citados acima, o dongsaeng é utilizado para se referir a um irmão ou irmã, amigo(a) ou namorado(a) mais novo(a), com quem você tem intimidade.
Este honorífico tem alguns diferenciais: além de não ser utilizado para se referir à pessoa diretamente, você pode especificar se o seu dongsaeng é homem (utilizando yeodongsaeng) ou mulher (utilizando namdongsaeng).
Sunbae e hoobae
Esses dois honoríficos coreanos são essenciais no vocabulário de qualquer fã de K-pop!
Sunbae é o título utilizado para se referir aos idols “veteranos”, que entraram no grupo primeiro. Já o hoobae, que significa “calouro” em tradução literal, diz respeito aos membros que entraram depois.
Gostou de conhecer alguns honoríficos coreanos? Então, que tal acessar o nosso dicionário de coreano? Amplie seu vocabulário e aprenda ainda mais!
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